Why do Ladybugs Smell Bad? In‐vivo Quantification of Odorous Insect Kairomones with SPME and Multidimensional GC‐MS‐Olfactometry

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2009-04-01
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Koziel, Jacek
O'Neal, Matthew
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Koziel, Jacek
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O'Neal, Matthew
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Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering

Since 1905, the Department of Agricultural Engineering, now the Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering (ABE), has been a leader in providing engineering solutions to agricultural problems in the United States and the world. The department’s original mission was to mechanize agriculture. That mission has evolved to encompass a global view of the entire food production system–the wise management of natural resources in the production, processing, storage, handling, and use of food fiber and other biological products.

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In 1905 Agricultural Engineering was recognized as a subdivision of the Department of Agronomy, and in 1907 it was recognized as a unique department. It was renamed the Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering in 1990. The department merged with the Department of Industrial Education and Technology in 2004.

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1905–present

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  • Department of Agricultural Engineering (1907–1990)

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Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering
Abstract

Winemakers, small fruit growers, and homeowners are concerned with noxious compounds released by multicolored Asian ladybird beetles (Harmonia axyridis, Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). New method based on headspace solid phase microextraction (HS‐SPME) coupled with multidimensional gas chromatography mass spectrometry—olfactometry (MDGC‐MS‐O) system was developed for extraction, isolation and simultaneous identification of compounds responsible for the characteristic odor of live H. axyridis. Four methoxypyrazines (MPs) were identified in headspace volatiles of liveH. axyridis as those responsible for the characteristic odor: 2, 5‐dimethy1‐3‐methoxypyrazine (DMMP), 2‐isopropy1‐3‐methoxypyrazine (IPMP), 2‐sec‐buty1‐3‐methoxypyrazine (SBMP), and 2‐isobuty1‐3‐methoxypyrazine (IBMP). To the best of our knowledge this is the first report of H. axyridis releasing DMMP and the first report of this compound being a component of the H. axyridis characteristic odor. Quantification of three MPs (IPMP, SBMP and IBMP) emitted from live H. axyridis were performed using external calibration with HS‐SPME and direct injections. A linear relationship (R2>0.9958for all 3 MPs) between MS response and concentration of standard was observed over a concentration range from 0.1 ng L−1 to 0.05 μg L−1 for HS‐SPME‐GC‐MS. The method detection limits (MDL) based on multidimensional GC‐MS approach for three MPs were estimated to be between 0.020 ng L−1. to 0.022 ng L−1. This methodology is applicable forin vivo determination of odor‐causing chemicals associated with emissions of volatiles from insects.

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Copyright 2009 American Institute of Physics. This article may be downloaded for personal use only. Any other use requires prior permission of the author and the American Institute of Physics.

This article appeared in AIP Conference Proceedings 1137 (2009): 245–248 and may be found at http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3156517.

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Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 UTC 2009