Manure Incorporation Equipment Effects on Odor, Residue Cover, and Crop Yield

Thumbnail Image
Date
2000-07-01
Authors
Lorimor, Jeffery
Mickelson, Steven
Melvin, Stewart
Erbach, Donald
Major Professor
Advisor
Committee Member
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Authors
Person
Hanna, H. Mark
Extension Agricultural Engineer
Person
Mickelson, Steven
Professor and Special Advisor for Student Information Systems
Research Projects
Organizational Units
Journal Issue
Is Version Of
Versions
Series
Department
Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering
Abstract

Land application of manure may produce unacceptable odors. Field experiments in undisturbed (no-till) soybean and corn residue were conducted to evaluate six liquid swine manure application/incorporation methods. The methods were injection with a commercial (1) chisel or (2) sweep, (3) incorporation with tandem disk harrow after broadcast application, (4) broadcast application with no incorporation, (5) injection with a narrow-profile knife, and (6) surface application behind row cleaners. The row cleaner and all injection treatments used spoke-covering wheels. Air samples over the soil surface were obtained immediately following and one day after manure application, and odor level was measured by olfactometry (i.e., the amount of air dilutions to reach odor threshold). Residue cover and yield were also measured. Incorporation techniques typically reduced odor level by a factor of three to ten as compared with a broadcast application. One day after application, odor was greatly reduced and often indistinguishable from that of untreated soil (no manure application). Residue cover differences among application methods were more pronounced in soybean residue. Application by the narrow-profile knife, row cleaner, and chisel maintained soybean residue cover better than other incorporation methods yet limited odor similar to these methods. Although cover was reduced over winter, greater soybean residue cover remained after planting with fall than with spring manure applications. Differences in odor level and residue cover among methods were less in corn than soybean residue. All incorporation techniques reduced odor levels, and chisel incorporation maintained corn residue cover after planting similar to broadcast application. For both crops, broadcast application maintained the greatest residue cover but had the highest odor level. Incorporation of manure generally reduced odor, reduced residue cover, increased corn yield, and did not affect soybean yield.

Comments

This article is from Applied Engineering in Agriculture, 16, no. 6 (2000): 621–627.

This is Journal Paper No. J-18694 of the Iowa Agriculture and Home Economics Experiment Station, Ames, Iowa. Project 3263. Trade and company names are included in this article for the benefit of the reader and do not infer endorsement or preferential treatment of the product named by Iowa State University or the USDA Agricultural Research Service.

Description
Keywords
Citation
DOI
Source
Copyright
Sat Jan 01 00:00:00 UTC 2000
Collections