The goal of the Iowa National Institute of Food and Agriculture–Conservation Effects Assessment Project (NIFA–CEAP), Economic and Water Quality Effects of Multiple Conservation Practices in Three Midwest Watersheds, was to provide science-based information to policymakers concerning the water quality benefits and economic costs of implementing multiple agricultural conservation practices in these watersheds. The three primary watersheds were (1) Walnut Creek Watershed in south central Iowa and the Squaw Creek Watershed (which was the “control watershed” within the paired-watershed study), (2) Sny Magill Creek Watershed and Bloody Run Creek Watershed (which was also a “control watershed” within that paired-watershed study), and (3) the South Fork of the Iowa River Watershed in north central Iowa.