Beginning in 1998, a long-term crop rotation experiment was initiated to examine the effects of organic practices on crop yield, soil quality, and grain quality. A minimum three-year crop rotation is required for certified organic crop production (National Organic Program, 2002). Organic fields at the Southeast Research Farm follow a rotation of corn-soybean-barley/red clover. Results reported here represent the fifth year of production—the second year of the row crop (corn or soybean) following a full 3-year rotation.