Sepsis being a fatal physiological state due to an imbalance in the immune system caused by infection, and one of the most common cause for millions of deaths in the non-coronary intensive care unit worldwide requires special attention in its diagnostic methods and cure. Therefore an understanding of literature related to sepsis is of utmost importance. With the advent of inter-disciplinary research, the study and diagnosis of sepsis problem are not limited to the medical field, rather it requires interventions and active participation of other fields of science and technology. However, often subject matter from interdisciplinary research is expounded in an abstruse manner and hence it becomes elusive for a researcher from different research domain to understand it, leading to loss of quality and efficiency in research. In this survey report, the material is presented in a form that facilitates easy comprehension for the non-medical researchers and has been focused on introducing sepsis, it's causes, extent, comparison of diagnosis techniques: conventional labeled and label-free detections; with special emphasis on sepsis biomarkers to help researchers from multi-disciplinary domain to develop and fabricate devices and ideas to compliment the existing sepsis diagnosis system present in the medical field. A future direction of sepsis diagnosis along with the implementation of novel techniques for sepsis biomarker quantification is also reported.