Fate of nutrients from liquid swine manure land-applied in the winter
Date
Authors
Major Professor
Advisor
Committee Member
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Altmetrics
Authors
Research Projects
Organizational Units
Since 1905, the Department of Agricultural Engineering, now the Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering (ABE), has been a leader in providing engineering solutions to agricultural problems in the United States and the world. The department’s original mission was to mechanize agriculture. That mission has evolved to encompass a global view of the entire food production system–the wise management of natural resources in the production, processing, storage, handling, and use of food fiber and other biological products.
History
In 1905 Agricultural Engineering was recognized as a subdivision of the Department of Agronomy, and in 1907 it was recognized as a unique department. It was renamed the Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering in 1990. The department merged with the Department of Industrial Education and Technology in 2004.
Dates of Existence
1905–present
Historical Names
- Department of Agricultural Engineering (1907–1990)
Related Units
- College of Agriculture and Life Sciences (parent college)
- College of Engineering (parent college)
- Department of Industrial Education and Technology, (merged, 2004)
Journal Issue
Is Version Of
Versions
Series
Department
Abstract
The effect of winter liquid swine manure applications on the quality of surface runoff from snowmelt was studied. Manure was applied to corn stubble and soybean stubble plots with a 2.9% slope. Four treatments were used: fall incorporation, early winter broadcast on frozen soil, late winter broadcast on top of snow, and spring broadcast. Nutrient applications averaged 257 kg/ha of kjeldahl nitrogen, and 54 kg/ha total phosphorus per application. Variations in the application rates by date were high due to nonuniformity of the manure used, and tended to increase from fall to spring;In the two-year study, nitrogen losses in surface runoff varied according to date of application and to the type of crop residue. Two-year-average losses from corn stubble ranked from high to low by application date. were late winter (46.0 kg/ha), early winter (19.2 kg/ha), fall incorporated (13.3 kg/ha), and spring broadcast (4.4 kg/ha). Corresponding losses from soybean stubble were 21.6, 3.1, 1.61, and 2.5 kg/ha, respectively. When the ambient air temperature exceeded 0∘C, ammonia volatilization losses were found from manure applied to soil, but not from manure applied to snow;Phosphorus losses followed the same trends as nitrogen. Losses ranked high to low from corn stubble were late winter (8.3 kg/ha), early winter (6.2 kg/ha), fall incorporated (1.6 kg/ha), and spring broadcast (1.0 kg/ha). From soybean stubble losses were 2.3, 2.6, 0.3, and 0.9 kg/ha, respectively;One large event accounted for the majority of losses for the two years. A major meltoff followed manure application by one day. Without that single large event, losses were not significantly different among application dates;A spreadsheet model was written to predict nitrogen and phosphorus losses. Inputs were crop residue type and height; date, and volume of manure applications; nutrient concentration of the manure applied; snowfall date, and date of melting event; and maximum daily temperatures during the melting event. The model over-predicted nitrogen losses, and under-predicted phosphorus losses.