Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering Publications
Title
Analysis of the Spatial and Temporal Distribution of Process Gases within Municipal Biowaste Compost
Campus Units
Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering, Food Science and Human Nutrition, Toxicology
Document Type
Article
Publication Version
Published Version
Publication Date
4-18-2019
Journal or Book Title
Sustainability
Volume
11
Issue
8
First Page
2340
Research Focus Area(s)
Biological and Process Engineering and Technology
DOI
10.3390/su11082340
Abstract
Composting processes reduce the weight and volume of biowaste and produce products that can be used in agriculture (e.g., as fertilizer). Despite the benefits of composting, there are also problems such as odors and the emission of pollutants into the atmosphere. This research aimed to investigate the phenomenon of process gas (CO, CO2, NO, O2) evolution within a large-scale municipal composter. The effects of turning frequency and pile location (outdoor vs. indoors) on process gas and temperature spatial and temporal evolution were studied in six piles (37‒81 tons of initial weight) over a six-month period. The biowaste consisted of green waste and municipal sewage sludge. The chemical composition and temperature of process gases within four cross sections with seven sampling locations were analyzed weekly for ~7–8 weeks (a total of 1375 cross sections). The aeration degree, temperature, CO, CO2, and NO concentration and their spatial and temporal distribution were analyzed. Final weight varied from 66% reduction to 7% weight gain. Only 8.2% of locations developed the desired chimney effect (utilizing natural buoyancy to facilitate passive aeration). Only 31.1% of locations reached thermophilic conditions (necessary to inactivate pathogens). Lower O2 levels corresponded with elevated CO2 concentrations. CO production increased in the initial composting phase. Winter piles were characterized by the lowest CO content. The most varied was the NO distribution in all conditions. The O2 concentration was lowest in the central part of the pile, and aeration conditions were good regardless of the technological regime used. Turning once a week was sufficient overall. Based on the results, the most favorable recommended procedure is turning twice a week for the first two weeks, followed by weekly turning for the next two weeks. After that, turning can be stopped unless additional removal of moisture is needed. In this case, weekly turning should continue until the process is completed. The size of the pile should follow the surface-to-volume ratio: <2.5 and <2 for cooler ambient conditions.
Access
Open
Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Copyright Owner
The Authors
Copyright Date
2019
Language
en
File Format
application/pdf
Recommended Citation
Stegenta, Sylwia; Sobieraj, Karolina; Pilarski, Grzegorz; Koziel, Jacek A.; and Białowiec, Andrzej, "Analysis of the Spatial and Temporal Distribution of Process Gases within Municipal Biowaste Compost" (2019). Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering Publications. 1020.
https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/abe_eng_pubs/1020
Included in
Bioresource and Agricultural Engineering Commons, Environmental Engineering Commons, Environmental Health Commons, Sustainability Commons
Comments
This article is published as Stegenta, Sylwia, Karolina Sobieraj, Grzegorz Pilarski, Jacek A. Koziel, and Andrzej Białowiec. "Analysis of the Spatial and Temporal Distribution of Process Gases within Municipal Biowaste Compost." Sustainability 11, no. 8 (2019): 2340. DOI: 10.3390/su11082340. Posted with permission.