Application of Near-Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy for Determination of Nutrient Contents in Liquid and Solid Manures
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Since 1905, the Department of Agricultural Engineering, now the Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering (ABE), has been a leader in providing engineering solutions to agricultural problems in the United States and the world. The department’s original mission was to mechanize agriculture. That mission has evolved to encompass a global view of the entire food production system–the wise management of natural resources in the production, processing, storage, handling, and use of food fiber and other biological products.
History
In 1905 Agricultural Engineering was recognized as a subdivision of the Department of Agronomy, and in 1907 it was recognized as a unique department. It was renamed the Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering in 1990. The department merged with the Department of Industrial Education and Technology in 2004.
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1905–present
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- Department of Agricultural Engineering (1907–1990)
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- College of Agriculture and Life Sciences (parent college)
- College of Engineering (parent college)
- Department of Industrial Education and Technology, (merged, 2004)
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Abstract
Proper application of livestock manure to agricultural land converts waste to fertilizer, but relies on knowing the nutrient content of the manure. Manure samples (111 solid poultry layer, 95 solid poultry broiler litter, 39 swine solid hoop, 72 beef cattle, 85 swine slurry, and 88 swine liquid lagoon) were collected from farms in three states to investigate the feasibility and limitations for using near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) to analyze manure nutrients. Spectral data in the near-infrared (NIR) region (1100-2500 nm) from manure samples were correlated with chemical analytical data from the same samples using partial least squares regression techniques in conjunction with six mathematical data pretreatments. The best calibration equations were selected on the basis of the smallest standard error of prediction (SEP) and the largest coefficient of determination (R2) of cross-validation. The ratio (abbreviated as RPD) of the standard deviation (SD) of the constituent in the sample population to the SEP was used to evaluate the future prediction performance of calibration models. After using the mathematical pretreatments, the R2 values of the one-out cross-validation for total solids (TS), volatile solid (VS), total nitrogen (TN), and ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) were between 0.80 and 0.97 for all manure samples. The R2 values of the one-out cross-validation for minerals ranged from 0.71 to 0.81, 0.50 to 0.78, 0.74 to 0.94, 0.66 to 0.91, 0.73 to 0.91, and 0.70 to 0.90 in poultry solid layer, poultry broiler litter, swine solid hoop, beef cattle, swine liquid lagoon, and swine slurry manure samples, respectively. The RPD values indicate that NIRS can predict TS, VS, TN, NH3-N, and some minerals in manures. NIRS has potential to predict some nutrient concentrations in manure rapidly and accurately.
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This article is from Transactions of the ASAE 48 (2005): 1911–1918. Posted with permission.