Current status of drainage and estimated drainage needs of the soils in the Des Moines River basin as indicated from an extensive survey are presented. A high percentage of the area has the potential for receiving benefits by improving county mains and on-the-farm drainage. Analyses have been made of the economic potential for drainage improvements by comparing three drainage input levels. Benefit-cost ratios indicate drainage of very poorly drained and poorly drained soils is a good investment for corn and soybean production.