In this Research Topic we report advances in fundamental and applied aspects of the perennial C4 bioenergy crop miscanthus (Miscanthus spp.) and its role in mitigating climate change as part of the bioeconomy. Miscanthus is a high yielding C4 perennial grass with great potential for sustainable biomass production in temperate climates, including Europe and North America as well as its native Asia. With high resource use efficiency and good biomass quality, miscanthus is a well-suited feedstock for a plethora of applications including bioenergy, biofuels and biomaterials (van der Weijde et al.).