Campus Units

Biochemistry, Biophysics and Molecular Biology

Document Type

Article

Publication Version

Accepted Manuscript

Publication Date

1-2014

Journal or Book Title

Biochimica et Biophysica Acta

Volume

1840

Issue

1

First Page

184

Last Page

190

DOI

10.1016/j.bbagen.2013.09.004

Abstract

Background—The diterpene cyclase ent-copalyl diphosphate synthase (CPS) catalyzes the first committed step in the biosynthesis of gibberellins. The previously reported 2.25 Å resolution crystal structure of CPS complexed with (S)-15-aza-14,15-dihydrogeranylgeranyl thiolodiphosphate (1) established the αβγ domain architecture, but ambiguities regarding substrate analog binding remained.

Method—Use of crystallization additives yielded CPS crystals diffracting to 1.55 Å resolution. Additionally, active site residues that hydrogen bond with D379, either directly or through hydrogen bonded water molecules, were probed by mutagenesis.

Results—This work clarifies structure-function relationships that were ambiguous in the lower resolution structure. Well-defined positions for the diphosphate group and tertiary ammonium cation of 1 as well as extensive solvent structure, are observed.

Conclusions—Two channels involving hydrogen bonded solvent and protein residues lead to the active site, forming hydrogen bonded "proton wires" that link general acid D379 with bulk solvent. These proton wires may facilitate proton transfer with the general acid during catalysis. Activity measurements made with mutant enzymes indicate that N425, which donates a hydrogen bond directly to D379, and T421, which hydrogen bonds with D379 through an intervening solvent molecule, help orient D379 for catalysis. Residues involved in hydrogen bonds with the proton wire, R340 and D503, are also important. Finally, conserved residue E211, which is located near the diphosphate group of 1 is proposed to be a ligand to Mg2+ required for optimal catalytic activity.

General Significance—This work establishes structure-function relationships for class II terpenoid cyclases.

Comments

This is the author’s version of a work that was accepted for publication in Biochimica et Biophysica Acta. Changes resulting from the publishing process, such as peer review, editing, corrections, structural formatting, and other quality control mechanisms may not be reflected in this document. Changes may have been made to this work since it was submitted for publication. A definitive version was subsequently published in Biochimica et Biophysica Acta, VOL 1840, ISSUE 1, 2014, DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2013.09.004.

Creative Commons License

Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 4.0 License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 4.0 License.

Copyright Owner

Elsevier B.V.

Language

en

File Format

application/pdf

Download

Share

COinS