Title
High-throughput synthesis of carbohydrates and functionalization of polyanhydride nanoparticles
Document Type
Article
Research Focus Area
Advanced and Nanostructured Materials
Publication Date
7-2012
Journal or Book Title
Journal of Visualized Experiments
Volume
65
First Page
e3967
DOI
10.3791/3967
Abstract
Transdisciplinary approaches involving areas such as material design, nanotechnology, chemistry, and immunology have to be utilized to rationally design efficacious vaccines carriers. Nanoparticle-based platforms can prolong the persistence of vaccine antigens, which could improve vaccine immunogenicity 1. Several biodegradable polymers have been studied as vaccine delivery vehicles 1; in particular, polyanhydride particles have demonstrated the ability to provide sustained release of stable protein antigens and to activate antigen presenting cells and modulate immune responses 2-12. The molecular design of these vaccine carriers needs to integrate the rational selection of polymer properties as well as the incorporation of appropriate targeting agents. High throughput automated fabrication of targeting ligands and functionalized particles is a powerful tool that will enhance the ability to study a wide range of properties and will lead to the design of reproducible vaccine delivery devices. The addition of targeting ligands capable of being recognized by specific receptors on immune cells has been shown to modulate and tailor immune responses 10,11,13 C-type lectin receptors (CLRs) are pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) that recognize carbohydrates present on the surface of pathogens. The stimulation of immune cells via CLRs allows for enhanced internalization of antigen and subsequent presentation for further T cell activation 14,15. Therefore, carbohydrate molecules play an important role in the study of immune responses; however, the use of these biomolecules often suffers from the lack of availability of structurally well-defined and pure carbohydrates. An automation platform based on iterative solution-phase reactions can enable rapid and controlled synthesis of these synthetically challenging molecules using significantly lower building block quantities than traditional solid-phase methods 16,17. Herein we report a protocol for the automated solution-phase synthesis of oligosaccharides such as mannose-based targeting ligands with fluorous solid-phase extraction for intermediate purification. After development of automated methods to make the carbohydrate-based targeting agent, we describe methods for their attachment on the surface of polyanhydride nanoparticles employing an automated robotic set up operated by LabVIEW as previously described 10. Surface functionalization with carbohydrates has shown efficacy in targeting CLRs 10,11 and increasing the throughput of the fabrication method to unearth the complexities associated with a multi-parametric system will be of great value (Figure 1a).
Rights
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reporduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright Owner
Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License
Copyright Date
2012
Language
en
File Format
application/pdf
Recommended Citation
Carrillo-Conde, Brenda Rocio; Roychoudhury, Rajarshi; Chavez-santoscoy, Ana Vianey; Narasimhan, Balaji; and Pohl, Nicola L.B., "High-throughput synthesis of carbohydrates and functionalization of polyanhydride nanoparticles" (2012). Chemical and Biological Engineering Publications. 202.
https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/cbe_pubs/202
Comments
This article is from Journal of Visualized Experiments 65 (2012: e3967, doi: 10.3791/3967.