Campus Units

Chemical and Biological Engineering, Nanovaccine Institute

Document Type

Article

Research Focus Area

Advanced and Nanostructured Materials, Health Care Technology and Biomedical Engineering

Publication Version

Published Version

Publication Date

2-14-2020

Journal or Book Title

npj Vaccines

Volume

5

First Page

15

DOI

10.1038/s41541-020-0164-y

Abstract

Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (M. paratuberculosis) causes Johne’s disease in ruminants and is characterized by chronic gastroenteritis leading to heavy economic losses to the dairy industry worldwide. The currently available vaccine (inactivated bacterin in oil base) is not effective in preventing pathogen shedding and is rarely used to control Johne’s disease in dairy herds. To develop a better vaccine that can prevent the spread of Johne’s disease, we utilized polyanhydride nanoparticles (PAN) to encapsulate mycobacterial antigens composed of whole cell lysate (PAN-Lysate) and culture filtrate (PAN-Cf) of M. paratuberculosis. These nanoparticle-based vaccines (i.e., nanovaccines) were well tolerated in mice causing no inflammatory lesions at the site of injection. Immunological assays demonstrated a substantial increase in the levels of antigen-specific T cell responses post-vaccination in the PAN-Cf vaccinated group as indicated by high percentages of triple cytokine (IFN-γ, IL-2, TNF-α) producing CD8+ T cells. Following challenge, animals vaccinated with PAN-Cf continued to produce significant levels of double (IFN-γ, TNF-α) and single cytokine (IFN-γ) secreting CD8+ T cells compared with animals vaccinated with an inactivated vaccine. A significant reduction in bacterial load was observed in multiple organs of animals vaccinated with PAN-Cf, which is a clear indication of protection. Overall, the use of polyanhydride nanovaccines resulted in development of protective and sustained immunity against Johne’s disease, an approach that could be applied to counter other intracellular pathogens.

Comments

This article is published as Thukral, Akanksha, Kathleen Ross, Chungyi Hansen, Yashdeep Phanse, Balaji Narasimhan, Howard Steinberg, and Adel M. Talaat. "A single dose polyanhydride-based nanovaccine against paratuberculosis infection." npj Vaccines 5, (2020): 15. DOI: 10.1038/s41541-020-0164-y. Posted with permission.

Creative Commons License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

Copyright Owner

Springer Nature

Language

en

File Format

application/pdf

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