Atomic Force Microscopy Study of the Initial Stages of Anodic Oxidation of Aluminum in Phosphoric Acid Solution
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The function of the Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering has been to prepare students for the study and application of chemistry in industry. This focus has included preparation for employment in various industries as well as the development, design, and operation of equipment and processes within industry.Through the CBE Department, Iowa State University is nationally recognized for its initiatives in bioinformatics, biomaterials, bioproducts, metabolic/tissue engineering, multiphase computational fluid dynamics, advanced polymeric materials and nanostructured materials.
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The Department of Chemical Engineering was founded in 1913 under the Department of Physics and Illuminating Engineering. From 1915 to 1931 it was jointly administered by the Divisions of Industrial Science and Engineering, and from 1931 onward it has been under the Division/College of Engineering. In 1928 it merged with Mining Engineering, and from 1973–1979 it merged with Nuclear Engineering. It became Chemical and Biological Engineering in 2005.
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1913 - present
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- Department of Chemical Engineering (1913–1928)
- Department of Chemical and Mining Engineering (1928–1957)
- Department of Chemical Engineering (1957–1973, 1979–2005)
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering (2005–present)
- College of Engineering(parent college)
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Abstract
Aluminum foils with two different surface topographic textures were anodically oxidized at constant current in a phosphoric acid bath. In situatomic force microscopy (AFM) was used to follow the initial development of surface topography on a 1 μm scale, during the early stages of porous oxide film formation. Microscopic convex features such as ridges on both foils begin to increase in height and width when the anodic film thickness exceeds the initial feature height. Equations of a mathematical model are presented incorporating established interfacial reactions and oxide conduction behavior. The model indicates that the film‐solution interface recedes into the metal during anodizing, since the current efficiency for oxide formation is smaller than the oxygen ion transport number in the film. Ridge surfaces increase in height due to the higher local conduction resistance to the film‐solution interface, while film deposits rapidly at ridges because of the low local resistance to the metal‐film interface. In agreement with the AFM results, enhanced oxide growth at ridges should start when the potential field in the film becomes two‐dimensional, as a result of the film growing to a thickness larger than the ridge height.
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This article is from Journal of the Electrochemical Society 147 (2000): 2126–2132, doi:10.1149/1.1393496. Posted with permission.