Training “traditional” catalogers to create non-MARC metadata? My approach stresses critical thinking pedagogy -- metadata work is not about knowing a specific standard or tool, but about methodologies, thought processes, and an understanding of user goals and library data ecosystems. I hope to help you understand the role of critical thinking (or systems-level thinking) in training catalogers to leverage standards to independently develop high-quality, interoperable, user-focused metadata within continuously changing information ecosystems.