The history of the progress of any typical American industry is the story of the improvement in the production and quality of the initial product and the evolution from the production of a single basic product to the production of a large number of products. In most instances, the increased number of products is a result of the more complete utilization of the raw materials from which the original product was produced. The impetus behind this transition has been at least two-fold, namely, the development of other industries with the corresponding demand for specialized raw materials, or components for the new industry which the first industry could supply by improving its process or product, and secondly, the competition produced by other concerns within the same industry which dictates that improvement o£ processing and specialization of product must be carried out in order that a favorable competitive position may be maintained. Thus we have seen the ancient coal industry which existed for a long time as a producer of coal only add coke to its products when the need for that product by the infant steel industry was shorn. Later, the by-products of the coking process were collected, fractionated, studied and modified chemically, and today we have the huge coal tar by-products industry with its list of products including the components for dyes, medicines, solvents and many other organic chemicals.