Emerging swine diseases and infections: an increasing zoonotic threat
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The SafePork conference series began in 1996 to bring together international researchers, industry, and government agencies to discuss current Salmonella research and identify research needs pertaining to both pig and pork production. In subsequent years topics of research presented at these conferences expanded to include other chemical and biological hazards to pig and pork production.
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Abstract
Emerging infectious diseases (EID) can be defined as those which incidence is increasing following its first introduction into a new host population or in an existing one as a result of long-term changes in its underlying epidemiology. This concept can also include those diseases linked to pathogens expanding into an area in which it was not previously reported, or due to infectious agents that changed significantly its clinico-pathological presentation.
During last 10 years, much emphasis has been focused on human EID caused by pathogens of animal origin. All these zoonotic threats and events have emphasized the need for a “One Health” approach, which was summarized in the so called 12 Manhattan principles. The “One Health” approach integrates communication, collaboration and coordination between public health, animal health and other communities at multiple levels to prevent, detect and control emerging or re-emerging infectious diseases at the animal– human–environment interface.
The number of novel conditions in swine included under the concept of emerging and re-emerging diseases has increased importantly during last 20-30 years. Most of them are infectious diseases; their transmissibility and maintenance into a population is favoured by a number of phenomena, including intensive rearing practices and globalized/ international trading. The objective of the present review is to discuss about new swine diseases or novel presentations of already known diseases, as well as newly recognized infections with a not well-defined pathogenic effect in pigs, with specific emphasis on zoonotic diseases.