Micromagnetic Barkhausen signals from magnetic materials originate from the discontinuous changes in magnetization under the action of a changing applied magnetic field.Barkhausen emissions that are detected by a sense coil come predominantly from a surface layer. In iron based materials this layer is about 500 μm thick. The Barkhausen signal is affected by changes in material microstructure and the presence of residual stress, since these affect the dynamics of domain wall motion. The selective attenuation of high frequency components of the Barkhausen signal due to eddy currents in electrically conducting materials is used to evaluate changes in material condition at different depths inside the material.Barkhausen measurements on specimens subjected to different thermal treatment during surface conditioning procedures are presented. Also presented for comparison are analysis of the material condition using x-ray diffraction for assessment of residual stress, and microhardness measurements which evaluate the surface microstructure condition. The results show that Barkhausen emissions can be utilized to evaluate changes in the surface condition of materials.