Document Type

Article

Publication Version

Published Version

Publication Date

7-2015

Journal or Book Title

The American Naturalist

Volume

186

Issue

1

First Page

151

Last Page

158

DOI

10.1086/681621

Abstract

The ecological principle of competitive exclusion states that species competing for identical resources cannot coexist, but this principle is paradoxical because ecologically similar competitors are regularly observed. Coexistence is possible under some conditions if a fluctuating environment changes the competitive dominance of species. This change in competitive dominance implies the existence of trade-offs underlying species' competitive abilities in different environments. Theory shows that fluctuating distance between resource patches can facilitate coexistence in ephemeral patch competitors, given a functional trade-off between species dispersal ability and fecundity. We find evidence supporting this trade-off in a guild of five ecologically similar nonpollinating fig wasps and subsequently predict local among-patch species densities. We also introduce a novel colonization index to estimate relative dispersal ability among ephemeral patch competitors. We suggest that a dispersal ability-fecundity trade-off and spatiotemporally fluctuating resource availability commonly co-occur to drive population dynamics and facilitate coexistence in ephemeral patch communities.

Comments

This article is from The American Naturalist 186 (2015): 151, doi:10.1086/681621. Posted with permission.

Copyright Owner

The University of Chicago

Language

en

File Format

application/pdf

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