Evaluation of replicon particle vaccines for porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus

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2012-01-01
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Mogler, Mark
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Lyric Bartholomay
J Glenn Songer
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Animal Science

The Department of Animal Science originally concerned itself with teaching the selection, breeding, feeding and care of livestock. Today it continues this study of the symbiotic relationship between animals and humans, with practical focuses on agribusiness, science, and animal management.

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The Department of Animal Husbandry was established in 1898. The name of the department was changed to the Department of Animal Science in 1962. The Department of Poultry Science was merged into the department in 1971.

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Abstract

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) is one of the most important diseases of domestic swine. The etiologic agent is a virus (PRRSV), and has proven to be a difficult target for control and eradication efforts. Therefore, it is desirable to develop an improved generation of PRRS vaccines to address these and other shortcomings. Alphavirus-derived replicon particle (RP) vaccines have demonstrated efficacy and safety in a wide range of disease and animal models. Recently, an RP platform derived from Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (strain, TC-83) was developed for use in veterinary vaccines, including vaccines for swine. The key attributes of this technology are that RPs are propagation-defective, single-cycle RNA virus vectors, and are capable of eliciting potent humoral and cellular immune responses to a wide variety of antigens. In these studies, RP were used to express PRRSV proteins GP3, GP4, GP5, and M as vaccine antigens in young pigs. Vaccinated animals developed specific humoral and cellular immune responses, and also had reduced viremia and viral load post-challenge. Similar vaccine candidates were evaluated in pregnant gilts, but no significant reduction in disease were observed compared to controls. Additionally, an RP influenza vaccine administered 24 hours prior to PRRSV challenge reduced viremia and viral load in young pigs compared to controls. This effect was independent of PRRSV-derived antigens, highlighting the utility of the RP to investigate the host immune response to viral infection. Overall, these data demonstrate that RP represent a powerful tool for future PRRS vaccine research and disease control efforts.

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Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 UTC 2012