Three papers have been included in this dissertation. They are focused on examining a key issue in the domain of sustainable operations and supply chain management: the impact of regulatory pressure on a firm’s heterogeneous adoption of sustainable practices. In the first paper, we review the role of regulations in sustainable operations and supply chain management research. The second paper empirically tests the influence of various characteristics of environmental violations on a U.S. manufacturing firm’s adoption of environmental practices by using the econometric analysis of different data sources, including COMPUSTAT, KLD, and RepRisk. The last paper investigates how regulatory pressure, along with other types of institutional pressure, influences a firm’s adoption of environmental innovation ambidexterity based on survey data from manufacturing firms in China.