Evaluating drainage water recycling in Central Iowa: Long-term yield and financial implications

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2021-01-01
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Phillips, Samuel
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Matthew Helmers
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Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering

Since 1905, the Department of Agricultural Engineering, now the Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering (ABE), has been a leader in providing engineering solutions to agricultural problems in the United States and the world. The department’s original mission was to mechanize agriculture. That mission has evolved to encompass a global view of the entire food production system–the wise management of natural resources in the production, processing, storage, handling, and use of food fiber and other biological products.

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In 1905 Agricultural Engineering was recognized as a subdivision of the Department of Agronomy, and in 1907 it was recognized as a unique department. It was renamed the Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering in 1990. The department merged with the Department of Industrial Education and Technology in 2004.

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1905–present

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  • Department of Agricultural Engineering (1907–1990)

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Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering
Abstract

Drainage water recycling is a sparsely studied agricultural management practice which has the potential to both improve yields and reduce adverse water quality effects of row crop agriculture. This practice captures and stores subsurface drainage from agricultural fields for supplemental irrigation. This study seeks to understand how drainage water recycling effects long-term continuous corn (Zea mays L.) yields in Central Iowa, and what economic impact those effects might have. The Agricultural Production Systems sIMulator (APSIM) was used to create a 40-year simulation. This was based on 6 years of field data and local historical weather data. Three annual irrigation water availability scenarios were modeled, each under both baseline and climate change weather conditions. Under baseline weather conditions, the practice resulted in average yield benefits between 19 and 22 bushels per acre. These values rose to 23 to 28 bushels per acre under climate change conditions. This shows drainage water recycling is capable of increasing long-term corn yields in Central Iowa. After determining ownership and operation costs (excluding the cost of land and construction for a storage reservoir), two corn price models were used to estimate profitability of drainage water recycling. These showed a wide range of returns (-$39/ac/yr to $0/ac/yr) in baseline weather conditions. The system becomes more cost effective ($-31/ac/yr to $23/ac/yr) in the modeled climate change scenario. Proper irrigation scheduling is also shown to be a critical factor in utilizing drainage water recycling to turn a profit. With proper design and management, drainage water recycling can add resiliency to continuous corn cropping systems in Central Iowa.

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Sat May 01 00:00:00 UTC 2021