Comparison of environmental impacts from production of wood, concrete, and steel construction materials using a life cycle analysis approach

Concern regarding the environmental impacts of material production and use has increased in recent years, especially in the construction industry. This increased trend of concern is driven by homeowners and consumers alike, who are becoming more cognizant of the environmental impacts generated by their use and/or choice of specific buildings materials. In order to assess environmental impacts of material extraction, manufacturing, and use, a holistic research approach known as a life cycle analysis or LCA was fashioned. In this study, LCA was applied according to ISO 14040 protocols to determine the environmental and human health impacts generated by the manufacturing of three common building materials: wood, concrete, and steel. The analysis was conducted by thorough investigation of peer-reviewed journals and supporting secondary resources. The goal of this review is to establish an understanding of the impacts generated in material production and to present a comparative LCA impact analysis of 1 m3 of wood, concrete, and steel. Application of LCA findings and outcomes is presented in the form of an educational brochure for reference by consumers regarding the importance of material selection and the environmental impacts of wood, concrete, and steel construction.