The pulse-burst duration of a compact burst-mode Nd:YAG laser is extended by one order of magnitude compared to previous flashlamp-pumped designs by incorporating a fiber oscillator and diode-pumped solid-state amplifiers. The laser has a linewidth of <2 GHz at 1064.3 nm with 150 mJ per individual pulse at 10 kHz. The performance of the system is evaluated by using the third-harmonic output at 354.8 nm for high-speed planar laser-induced fluorescence of formaldehyde in a lifted methane-air diffusion flame. A total of 100 and 200 sequential images of unsteady fluid-flame interactions are acquired at repetition rates of 10 kHz and 20 kHz, respectively.