The textile industries of developed nations, such as the United States and the countries of western Europe, are now facing enormous competition from imported fabrics important that the textile manufactures, as well as the machine manufactures, to manufacture a machine with high output, less waste, and individual-machine automation. One of the most labor-intensive tasks in textile production is the inspection and identification of fabric defects. Although visual inspection can identify most defects, an automated or semiautomated inspection system will be more reliable, eliminate potential human errors, improve quality control, reduce waste and energy consumption, and lower operating costs. Currently, an optic/visual system is commercially available, but it is an off-loom system and is very expensive. Other techniques, for example, ultrasonic, millimeter wave, capacitance, and photo-diode, have been studied. At Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), we developed a nonvisual, noncontact fabric-inspection system that can detects defects in real-time on the loom[1]. The system is compact, rugged, and low cost, requires minimal maintenance, is not sensitive to fabric color and vibration, and can easily be adapted to current loom configurations. Unlike other available techniques, the ANL ultrasonic system is not affected by vibration generated by the weaving machine.