Degree Type
Dissertation
Date of Award
1992
Degree Name
Doctor of Philosophy
Department
Animal Science
First Advisor
Jerry W. Young
Abstract
Effects on milk production and composition were investigated in fifty Holstein cows (20 primiparous and 30 multiparous) averaging 121 d postpartum. The five treatments were: control, calcium salts of fatty acids (2% of dietary dry matter), nicotinamide (12 g/d), and calcium salts of fatty acids plus nicotinamide blended during manufacture or added separately. Periods lasted 5 wk. During wk 1, all cows received the control diet. During wk 2, cows were gradually adapted to individual dietary treatments, which were continued through wk 5. Treatments containing calcium salts of fatty acids did not alter feed intake, but they increased production of milk and fat-corrected milk and tended to increase production of milk fat and protein. Treatments containing nicotinamide increased feed intake, body condition score, milk, fat-corrected milk, and milk protein production. Milk fat percentage and milk fat production was higher (3.54 vs. 3.33%, and 1.18 vs. 1.11 kg/d, respectively), but milk protein percentage and milk protein production were lower (3.11 vs. 3.28%, and 1.03 vs. 1.11 kg/d, respectively) for cows fed calcium salts of fatty acids plus nicotinamide compared with cows receiving nicotinamide. Treatments containing calcium salts of fatty acids increased plasma nonesterified fatty acids, decreased blood nicotinamide, but had no effect on plasma [beta]-hydroxybutyrate. Treatments containing nicotinamide increased plasma glucose, increased blood nicotinamide, and had no effect on plasma NEFA and [beta]-hydroxybutyrate;In a second experiment, six lactating cows in a switchback design were administered orally 12 g/d of either nicotinamide or nicotinic acid during the first five d of 9 d periods. Blood samples taken at specific intervals showed that blood nicotinamide concentration of cows in the nicotinamide group peaked earlier and higher than for cows in the nicotinic acid group (1 vs. 12 h and 2.48 vs. 2.01 [mu]g/ml). The area under the blood nicotinamide concentration curve was not different between the nicotinamide and the nicotinic acid supplemented groups at 8, 12, or 24 h after nicotinamide or nicotinic acid administration, but it was higher for the nicotinamide group at 1, 2, 3, 4, and 6 h. These results suggest that nicotinamide is absorbed from the rumen faster than nicotinic acid, probably because of its higher solubility and lower dissociation constant due to its higher pKa.
DOI
https://doi.org/10.31274/rtd-180813-11586
Publisher
Digital Repository @ Iowa State University, http://lib.dr.iastate.edu/
Copyright Owner
Antonio Cervantes-Nunez
Copyright Date
1992
Language
en
Proquest ID
AAI9311481
File Format
application/pdf
File Size
211 pages
Recommended Citation
Cervantes-Nunez, Antonio, "Effects of nicotinamide on milk composition and production in dairy cows fed supplemental fat " (1992). Retrospective Theses and Dissertations. 10101.
https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd/10101