This dissertation reports results from studies of the interactions between the microstructure/macrostructure of titanium alloys and propagating ultrasonic waves. Attention is focused on the interactions which cause backscattering and attenuation. Experimental studies will be reported which show that the phase aberration contribution to attenuation does not remove energy from the propagating beam, and a physical picture is developed. A simple ray model which encompasses the ideas presented in the physical picture is used to predict attenuation for propagation in single phase materials with elongated grains. In addition, a general theory for attenuation that includes some degree of multiple scattering is presented that can allow for texture effects and duplex microstructures in its most general form. Numerical predictions from the general attenuation theory and an existing backscattering theory are then compared with experimental measurements of the attenuation and backscattering coefficient in a Ti-6Al-4V specimen that contains elongated macrograins consisting of colonies that are modeled as ellipsoids. Agreement between the experimental and theoretical determination of the backscattering coefficient is extremely good if the effects of texture is included. Agreement with attenuation is favorable.