Degree Type
Dissertation
Date of Award
2003
Degree Name
Doctor of Philosophy
Department
Chemistry
First Advisor
Richard C. Larock
Abstract
A variety of substituted beta- and gamma-carbolines containing aryl, alkyl, hydroxymethyl, ester and silyl functionality at the 3- and 4-positions have been prepared by the palladium-catalyzed iminoannulation of internal and terminal alkynes. This methodology has been successfully employed to the synthesis of two biologically active beta-carboline alkaloids, ZK93423 and abecarnil.;A variety of 3-substituted beta- and gamma-carbolines have been synthesized from N-substituted 3-iodo-1H-indole-2-carboxaldehydes and 2-bromo-1H-indole-3-carboxaldehydes, respectively. The coupling of these aldehydes with various terminal acetylenes using cat. PdCl 2(PPh3)2/CuI readily affords the corresponding alkynylindole carboxaldehydes, which have subsequently been converted to the corresponding tert-butylimines and cyclized to beta- and gamma-carbolines by either copper-catalyzed or thermal processes.;A variety of N-substituted 2-bromo-1H-indole-3-carboxaldehydes incorporating an alkyne-containing tether on the indole nitrogen have been converted to the corresponding tert-butylimines, which have been subjected to palladium-catalyzed intramolecular iminoannulation, affording various gamma-carboline derivatives with an additional ring fused across the 4- and 5-positions in good to excellent yields. This "intramolecular" concept has been extended to other palladium-catalyzed annulations to synthesize various complex heteropolycycles.;A novel 1,4-palladium migration has been observed by trapping the palladium intermediate generated from o-iodobiaryls by way of a Suzuki coupling reaction. The choice of reaction conditions is important in turning "on" and "off" the migration. There are important electronic effects controlling the distribution of the palladium intermediates, which is reflected in the isomer distribution of the Suzuki products.
DOI
https://doi.org/10.31274/rtd-180813-9908
Publisher
Digital Repository @ Iowa State University, http://lib.dr.iastate.edu
Copyright Owner
Haiming Zhang
Copyright Date
2003
Language
en
Proquest ID
AAI3085963
File Format
application/pdf
File Size
394 pages
Recommended Citation
Zhang, Haiming, "Palladium approaches to beta- and gamma-carbolines " (2003). Retrospective Theses and Dissertations. 1410.
https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd/1410