The ability to visualize three-dimensional (3D) forms from two-dimensional (2D) shapes is critical to apparel designers. While most designers still use traditional techniques to analyze a 3D sample, advances in CAD for apparel design include use of 3D virtual prototypes assembled from 2D pattern data. Textiles and clothing research has examined both 2D CAD and student spatial visualization ability, but no studies compare spatial visualization ability with 3D virtual prototype use in the classroom. Other fields of research have found that a person's computer self-efficacy (CSE) can influence acceptance of a new technology and that spatial visualization ability can determine effectiveness of 3D simulations.;The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of CSE and spatial visualization ability on student perceptions of 3D virtual prototyping software. An online test instrument measured: CSE, general spatial ability and apparel spatial visualization ability with tutorial was developed to introduce participants to 3D virtual prototyping software. Some volunteers also participated in a hands-on session for actual use of the software. Technology acceptance was measured after the tutorial and again after the hands-on session.;Individuals with high CSE found the software easier to use than individuals with low CSE. Individuals with high apparel spatial visualization ability found the software easier to use than those with lower apparel spatial visualization ability. Other findings and discussion provide information that could help both educators and industry plan for the effective use of 3D virtual prototypes.