Examples, Illustrations, Inductions, Anecdotes, Analogies, Precedents, Narratives, and Personal Testimonies: Are They Essentially Different?

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2012-01-01
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Hample, Dale
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Iowa State University Summer Symposium on Science Communication
Iowa State University Conferences and Symposia

The Science Communication Project @ISU was founded in 2010 with the goal of enhancing collaborative research on, education for, and the practice of public science communication, broadly conceived. Our biennial symposia- which include public presentations of multidisciplinary research and interactive workshops- bring together a network of scholars who share interests in public engagement of science, environmental communication, natural resource management, and agriscience. Conference proceedings showcase research, evaluations, and critiques of science communication-related practices and phenomena.

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This essay addresses the question of whether these argument schemes—example, illustration, induction, anecdote, analogy, precedent, narrative, and personal testimony—are distinct from one another. Each of them is essentially based on a single case (although the cases can be multiplied, perhaps converging into an informal induction). “Example” is the prototypical scheme. The critical questions for “example” apply to the other argument schemes as well.

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