Document Type
Article
Publication Version
Published Version
Publication Date
10-2013
Journal or Book Title
PLoS ONE
Volume
8
Issue
10
First Page
e75289
DOI
10.1371/journal.pone.0075289
Abstract
Objectives: Studies indicate high sodium and low potassium intake can increase blood pressure suggesting the ratio of sodium-to-potassium may be informative. Yet, limited studies examine the association of the sodium-to-potassium ratio with blood pressure and hypertension. Methods: We analyzed data on 10,563 participants aged $20 years in the 2005–2010 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey who were neither taking anti-hypertensive medication nor on a low sodium diet. We used measurement error models to estimate usual intakes, multivariable linear regression to assess their associations with blood pressure, and logistic regression to assess their associations with hypertension. Results: The average usual intakes of sodium, potassium and sodium-to-potassium ratio were 3,569 mg/d, 2,745 mg/d, and 1.41, respectively. All three measures were significantly associated with systolic blood pressure, with an increase of 1.04 mmHg (95% CI, 0.27–1.82) and a decrease of 1.24 mmHg (95% CI, 0.31–2.70) per 1,000 mg/d increase in sodium or potassium intake, respectively, and an increase of 1.05 mmHg (95% CI, 0.12–1.98) per 0.5 unit increase in sodium-topotassium ratio. The adjusted odds ratios for hypertension were 1.40 (95% CI, 1.07–1.83), 0.72 (95% CI, 0.53–0.97) and 1.30 (95% CI, 1.05–1.61), respectively, comparing the highest and lowest quartiles of usual intake of sodium, potassium or sodium-to-potassium ratio. Conclusions: Our results provide population-based evidence that concurrent higher sodium and lower potassium consumption are associated with hypertension.
Rights
Works produced by employees of the U.S. Government as part of their official duties are not copyrighted within the U.S. The content of this document is not copyrighted.
Language
en
File Format
application/pdf
Recommended Citation
Zhang, Zefeng; Cogswell, Mary E.; Gillespie, Cathleen; Fang, Jing; Loustalot, Fleetwood; Dai, Shifan; Carriquiry, Alicia L.; Kuklina, Elena V.; Hong, Yuling; Merritt, Robert; and Yang, Quanhe, "Association between Usual Sodium and Potassium Intake and Blood Pressure and Hypertension among U.S. Adults: NHANES 2005–2010" (2013). Statistics Publications. 24.
https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/stat_las_pubs/24
Comments
This article is from PLoS ONE 8 (2013): e75289, doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0075289.