The dairy cattle industry has undergone dramatic changes in the last two decades. Some of these changes have included declining operation numbers, increasing herd sizes, an increase of milk production per cow, and farm specialization. While farms continue to get larger, there are still a considerable number of small to medium sized dairies that continue to raise their own heifers and feedstuffs while producing quality milk. This variation in economic base and production style does not end with the number of cattle raised on farm. When designing a biological risk management plan for dairies, one size does not fit all, and we will discuss how to assess different farming operations later in this paper.